GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES / HISTORY / TAR6119 / OTTOMAN ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTIONS IN 19 TH CENTURY I
 
LEARNING RESOURCES (BOOKS AND OTHER MATERIALS) 
1İlber Ortaylı, Osmanlı İdare Tarihi, Ankara 1998
2Ali Akyıldız, Osmanlı Merkez Bürokrasisi, istanbul 2002