| ÖÇ1 | By examining diplomatic reports, reform proposals, and Tanzimat/Reform decrees, one can explain the foundations of Ottoman modernization and the transformation of the legal system (such as the Land Code) using primary sources. |
| ÖÇ2 | By analyzing the Imperial Decrees, parliamentary minutes, and official correspondence procedures, one can gain an understanding of how the state’s decision-making mechanisms functioned in the 19th century and during the reign of Abdulhamid II. |
| ÖÇ3 | By utilizing Shari'a court records, estate (muhallefat) ledgers, and land registry records, one can generate data on social structure, family life, property relations, and local history. |
| ÖÇ4 | Newspapers, magazines, travelogues, and visual materials can be used as sources of information. |
| ÖÇ5 | By compiling official archival documents in accordance with methodological guidelines, they can conduct original and comprehensive historical analyses. |