| 1 | The student is able to recognize various methods of knowledge and approach used in kalam and to analyze these methods by comparing the perspectives of different schools of kalam. |
| 2 | The student is able to recognize various methods of knowledge and approach used in kalam and to analyze these methods by comparing the perspectives of different schools of kalam. |
| 3 | The student is able to understand the types of judgments in kalam, rational and religious judgments, types of evidence, and methods of inference, and to apply these concepts to controversial issues. |
| 4 | The student is able to examine the methodologies of different schools of kalam (Mu'tazila, Ash'ariyya, Maturidiyya) and to develop solution proposals regarding the principles of allegorical interpretation (ta'wil) and the harmonization of different religious texts. |