| 1 | Understand metabolic phenomena in living organisms, metabolic events and their effects on energy production from biochemical aspects, different species of living organisms, know cells, tissues, organs and organ systems forming living organisms structurally and functionally, and the descriptions of anabolism and catabolism |
| 2 | Explain the energy transformations according to the thermodynamic law |
| 3 | Comprehend the synthesis of ATP and its cellular use, as well as the basic concepts of thermodynamics (entropy, enthalpy, free energy, etc.) |
| 4 | Understand the proper conditions for the chemical reactions to take place |
| 5 | Comprehend the concepts and mechanisms of bioenergetics, its principles, molecules containing high-energy phosphate bonds and their mechanisms of action |
| 6 | Explain how ATP, the energy unit of life, is used, the ATP cycle and its molecular structure |
| 7 | Give examples for intracellular glucose transport mechanisms for specific tissues |
| 8 | Define aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis |
| 9 | List the enzymes regulated at the energy investment phase of glycolysis, the energy used/produced in the two phases of glycolysis |
| 10 | Identify the tissues using anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acidosis |
| 11 | Define glycogen synthesis, degradation steps, end products from glycogen degradation in muscle and liver and their functions |
| 12 | Describe the regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation |
| 13 | List the diseases caused by disruptions in glycogen storage |
| 14 | Define reactions and regulations specific to gluconeogenesis |
| 15 | Describe the Cori Cycle and Glucose-Alanin Cycle |
| 16 | Explain the alternative pathways of pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction |
| 17 | Describe the Krebs cycle and its reactions |
| 18 | Define hexose transformations; fructose, galactose, maltose metabolism |
| 19 | Describe the pentose phosphate pathway, the use of NADPH and the lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| 20 | After learning the structure and function of mitochondrion, which is the cellular component for ATP synthesis, comprehend what respiratory chain elements are, their functions and how they are affected by inhibitors |
| 21 | List the reactions and mechanisms that occur during fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, and explain how many types of fatty acid oxidation and syntheses take place in which ways within the organism |
| 22 | Understand the steps of the synthesis of triacylglycerol and link it to the synthesis reactions that take place in different tissues in the organism |
| 23 | Describe the synthesis steps of glycolipids and phospholipids and the functions of these lipid derivatives in the organism |
| 24 | Define the structure, synthesis steps, synthesis control steps, transport, end products and mechanisms of cholesterol, and the clinical significance of its end products |
| 25 | Describe the synthesis steps of the blood lipoproteins (chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, IDL, HDL), their locations, the types and proportions of lipids and proteins they contain, together with their functions and learn the types, mechanisms of synthesis and destruction, and the functions of glycoproteins |
| 26 | Perform qualitative carbohydrate experiments to qualitatively visualize the monosaccharides, the simplest structures of carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, and better understand the properties of functional groups of these structures; perform qualitative color experiments on disaccharides and polysaccharides |
| 27 | In biological sample experiments, examine the procedures for properly collecting and processing of whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, CSF, etc. used in clinical laboratory tests. In addition, have an idea on the use of anticoagulant and tubes containing additives, delivery to the test laboratory, and the interference caused by unsuitable sample types such as hemolytic, lipemic, and icteric specimens |
| 28 | In colorimetry and total protein measurement experiments, learn about colorimetry, which is the most basic tool in analyzing clinical laboratory tests, its parts and measuring principle. Perform one of most commonly used tests, measuring total protein and learn its importance for routine use |
| 29 | Understand the definition and importance of the anatomy |
| 30 | Describe the planes and axes in our body and establish the connection between the axes and the movement types |
| 31 | Understand the meaning and rules of components in the formation of basic anatomical terminology, learn their correct pronunciation and correct writing |
| 32 | List the systems that make up the human body |
| 33 | List human body parts |
| 34 | List the names of the systems and organs that make up the human anatomy |
| 35 | Regarding bones, which are the passive elements of the locomotor system; learn the types and processes of ossification, list the parts and formations of all the bones in our body |
| 36 | List the names of all the bones in the human body, their places and the anatomical structures on them |
| 37 | By learning the general knowledge about joints, list the types of joints between bones and the link between joints and movement types |
| 38 | List the names and important properties of all the joints in the human body and show their places |
| 39 | Explain the history of genetics and how living things have genetically evolved so far |
| 40 | Make general definitions of subjects in the field of Medical Genetics |
| 41 | Describe genetic rules and equations in human populations |
| 42 | Define the biological and hereditary bases of cancer |
| 43 | Describe how gene recombinations take place in immune cells |
| 44 | Know how many blood groups there are, identify the common ABO blood groups and explain their properties |
| 45 | Describe the personal differences and the genetic mechanisms in response to drugs |
| 46 | Identify the structure of DNA and mutations |
| 47 | Describe the structure and anomalies of chromosomes |
| 48 | Identify the place of microorganisms in the kingdoms of life |
| 49 | Explain the structures of bacteria, viruses, rickettsia and chlamydia bacteriophages |
| 50 | Classify microorganisms |
| 51 | Describe the feeding and reproduction of microorganisms |
| 52 | List body fluid compartments and volume measurement methods |
| 53 | Define active and passive transport mechanisms |
| 54 | Describe the concepts of Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium and equilibrium potential |
| 55 | Learn the history of histology in Turkey |
| 56 | Learn how to apply histological techniques, its principles and aims, with which techniques should different tissues and cells be treated, how and for what purpose chemical substances are used and apply these techniques if necessary |
| 57 | Comprehend the application areas of histochemical techniques used in histology and pathology |
| 58 | Learn the technical features and purpose of using microscopes used in medical sciences and diagnosis |
| 59 | Learn the general characteristics of the cell and cell types |
| 60 | Describe the morphological structure and general properties of the cell membrane |